Studii Genetice Despre Unguri

Vedeti si ultimul articol postat pe aceasta tema, deoarece contine mai multe studii genetice. Deocamdata este doar un link catre respectivele studii si un titlu pe scurt, in limba romana,pt a intelege despre ce e vorba in studiul respectiv. Voi incerca sa postez si descrierea studiului, asa cum e ea facuta de autorii studiului si concluziile si sa le traduc in limba romana.
http://andradadaciana.blogspot.com/2011/06/studii-genetice-despre-unguri.html


In acest articol voi prezenta mai multe studii despre genetica ungurilor realizate de diferiti oameni de stiinta. Voi preciza numele studiului, unde poate fi gasit, numele autorilor, precum si o scurta introducere.


1.
Ce rasa erau maghiarii invadatori ai Panoniei?
Studiile genetice spun ca erau "uralici", adica aveau haplogrupul N.
Ce sunt ungurii de azi? Acest studiu spun ca ungurii de azi sunt o populatie strans inrudita cu populatia balcanica sau cu cea central europeana, dar nu cu maghiarii.

Numele testului:

Y-chromosome analysis of ancient Hungarian and two modern Hungarian-speaking populations from the Carpathian Basin.

Unde puteti gasi acest studiu:
Ann Hum Genet. 2008 Jul;72(Pt 4):519-34. Epub 2008 Mar 27
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18373723?ordinalpos=1&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DiscoveryPanel.Pubmed_Discovery_RA&linkpos=2&log$=relatedarticles&logdbfrom=pubmed

Cine sunt autorii studiului:

Csányi B, Bogácsi-Szabó E, Tömöry G, Czibula A, Priskin K, Csõsz A, Mende B, Langó P, Csete K, Zsolnai A, Conant EK, Downes CS, Raskó I. Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Center of Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary. http://us.mc620.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=bernadett_csanyi@yahoo.com


Scurta prezentare a acestui studiu:

The Hungarian population belongs linguistically to the Finno-Ugric branch of the Uralic family. The Tat C allele is an interesting marker in the Finno-Ugric context, distributed in all the Finno-Ugric-speaking populations, except for Hungarians. This question arises whether the ancestral Hungarians, who settled in the Carpathian Basin, harbored this polymorphism or not. 100 men from modern Hungary, 97 Szeklers (a Hungarian-speaking population from Transylvania), and 4 archaeologically Hungarian bone samples from the 10(th) century were studied for this polymorphism. Among the modern individuals, only one Szekler carries the Tat C allele, whereas out of the four skeletal remains, two possess the allele. The latter finding, even allowing for the low sample number, appears to indicate a Siberian lineage of the invading Hungarians, which later has largely disappeared. The two modern Hungarian-speaking populations, based on 22 Y-chromosomal binary markers, share similar components described for other Europeans, except for the presence of the haplogroup P*(xM173) in Szekler samples, which may reflect a Central Asian connection, and high frequency of haplogroup J in both Szeklers and Hungarians. MDS analysis based on haplogroup frequency values, confirms that modern Hungarian and Szekler populations are genetically closely related, and similar to populations from Central Europe and the Balkans. PMID: 18373723 [PubMed - in process]

2.
Un alt studiu in care este comparat ADN-ul prelevat din morminte "maghiare" cu ADN-ul ungurilor de azi. Concluzia studiului este ca in mormintele "maghiarilor" genetica uralica era prezenta doar la bogati, in timp ce populatia comuna avea haplogrupuri tipic europene. Acest lucru arata foarte clar ca "maghiarii" erau mai putin numerosi decat populatia ce exista deja in Panonia. De asemenea acest test spune ca "nu exista continuitate genetica intre invadatorii maghiari si populatia de azi a Ungariei".

Numele studiului:
Comparison of maternal lineage and biogeographic analyses of ancient and modern Hungarian populations.

Unde il puteti gasi:
Am J Phys Anthropol. 2007 Nov;134(3):354-68

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17632797

Cine sunt autorii:
Tömöry G, Csányi B, Bogácsi-Szabó E, Kalmár T, Czibula A, Csosz A, Priskin K, Mende B, Langó P, Downes CS, Raskó I.Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Hungary.

Scurta introducere:

The Hungarian language belongs to the Finno-Ugric branch of the Uralic family, but Hungarian speakers have been living in Central Europe for more than 1000 years, surrounded by speakers of unrelated Indo-European languages. In order to study the continuity in maternal lineage between ancient and modern Hungarian populations, polymorphisms in the HVSI and protein coding regions of mitochondrial DNA sequences of 27 ancient samples (10th-11th centuries), 101 modern Hungarian, and 76 modern Hungarian-speaking Sekler samples from Transylvania were analyzed. The data were compared with sequences derived from 57 European and Asian populations, including Finno-Ugric populations, and statistical analyses were performed to investigate their genetic relationships. Only 2 of 27 ancient Hungarian samples are unambiguously Asian: the rest belong to one of the western Eurasian haplogroups, but some Asian affinities, and the genetic effect of populations who came into contact with ancient Hungarians during their migrations are seen. Strong differences appear when the ancient Hungarian samples are analyzed according to apparent social status, as judged by grave goods. Commoners show a predominance of mtDNA haplotypes and haplogroups (H, R, T), common in west Eurasia, while high-status individuals, presumably conquering Hungarians, show a more heterogeneous haplogroup distribution, with haplogroups (N1a, X) which are present at very low frequencies in modern worldwide populations and are absent in recent Hungarian and Sekler populations. Modern Hungarian-speaking populations seem to be specifically European. Our findings demonstrate that significant genetic differences exist between the ancient and recent Hungarian-speaking populations, and no genetic continuity is seen. (c) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.PMID: 17632797 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE

3.
Care este poporul cu care sunt cel mai inruditi ungurii?
Din testul urmator rezulta ca ungurii sunt cel mai apropiati genetic de INDIENII din India.
Se presupune ca locul de origine al slavilor este India, iar acest studiu demonstreaza ca intr-adevar, ungurii sunt cel mai apropiati genetic de indienii din India. Acest studiu este interesant pt ca a fost folosit cel mai mare numar de mostre de ADN, peste 1100.

Numele studiului:

Human Chromosomal Polymorphism in Hungarian Sample


Unde il puteti gasi:

Kamla-Raj 2006 Int J Hum Genet, 6(3): 177-183 (2006)

http://www.krepublishers.com/02-Journals/IJHG/IJHG-06-0-000-000-2006-Web/IJHG-06-3-177-280-2006-Abst-PDF/IJHG-06-3-177-183-2006-263-Decsey-K/IJHG-06-3-177-183-2006-263-Decsey-K-Text.PDF

Cine sunt autorii:

Kata Décsey1, Orsolya Bellovits2and Györgyi M. Bujdosó21.Semmelweis University, Department of Forensic Medicine, Budapest, Hungary, 10912. Hungarian Academy of Sciences - Semmelweis University, Institute of Forensic Medicine,Budapest, Hungary, 1091

Scurta introducere:

"the smallest difference is between the Hungarian and the Indian groups, while the Central-Europeans differmore. The biggest difference is between the Hungarians and the Turks, so they seem to be the most distant relatives."


4.

Oamenii de stiinta sustin ca un minim de 5% din populatia Ungariei pe linie materna se trage din Asia. 5% din unguri au haplogrupul mitocondrial M, specific Indiei. Din India, femei purtatoare ale acestui haplogroup s-au raspandit si in alte zone ale lumii, si se pare ca in in Ungaria. De obicei tiganii au tot acest haplogrup mitocondrial M.

Numele studiului:

Comparison of mtDNA haplogroups in Hungarians with four other European populations: a small incidence of descents with Asian origin.

Unde il gasiti:
Acta Biol Hung. 2007 Jun;58(2):245-56

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17585514?ordinalpos=1&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DiscoveryPanel.Pubmed_Discovery_RA&linkpos=3&log$=relatedarticles&logdbfrom=pubmed

Autorii:

Nadasi E, Gyurus P, Czakó M, Bene J, Kosztolányi S, Fazekas S, Dömösi P, Melegh B. Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary. http://us.mc620.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=edit.nadasi@aok.pte.hu

Scurta prezentare a studiului:

Hungarians are unique among the other European populations because according to history, the ancient Magyars had come from the eastern side of the Ural Mountains and settled down in the Carpathian basin in the 9th century AD. Since variations in the human mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) are routinely used to infer the histories of different populations, we examined the distribution of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) sites of the mtDNA in apparently healthy, unrelated Hungarian subjects in order to collect data on the genetic origin of the Hungarian population. Among the 55 samples analyzed, the large majority belonged to haplogroups common in other European populations, however, three samples fulfilled the requirements of haplogroup M. Since haplogroup M is classified as a haplogroup characteristic mainly for Asian populations, the presence of haplogroup M found in approximately 5% of the total suggests that an Asian matrilineal ancestry, even if in a small incidence, can be detected among modern Hungarians. PMID: 17585514 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Despre Unguri

Istoria oficiala a Ungariei pretinde ca ungurii sunt descendentii triburilor maghiare ce au migrat in Panonia in urma cu 1000 de ani. Alti istorici nu sunt de acord si sustin ca ungurii sunt o populatie europeana maghiarizata fortata de o elita politica aflata la conducerea zonei. Unul dintre acesti istorici, Paul Lendvai, scrie in cartea lui "The Hungarians" ca in timpul imparatului Iosif al doilea-1765-1790, "maghiarii" formau doar o treime din populatia Regatului Ungariei, in timp ce restul, de aproape 70% din populatia Regatului erau slavi(sarbi, slovaci), romani, germani sau tigani. Din pacate ungurii primesc o educatie nerealista si xenofoba si sunt facuti sa creada ca Regatul Ungariei era locuit doar de ei, cand in realitate "maghiarii" reprezentau doar o minoritate, ajunsa majoritara prin maghiarizarea fortata a celorlalte etnii din Regatul Ungar. Daca ne uitam la genetica, vom vedea ca de fapt in Ungaria "maghiarii" au avut un impact nesemnificativ asupra geneticii populatiei locale, si ca de fapt majoritatea ungurilor sunt fie slavi, fie romani, germani sau tigani.

Eseuri

In sfarsit m-am decis si eu sa imi fac un jurnal online. In acest blog voi publica eseuri si comentarii pe diferite teme de actualitate sau considerate importante de mine.